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Sudeten German Party
The Sudeten German Party ((ドイツ語:Sudetendeutsche Partei), SdP, (チェコ語:Sudetoněmecká strana)) was created by Konrad Henlein under the name ''Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront'' ("Front of Sudeten German Homeland") on October 1, 1933, some months after the state of Czechoslovakia had outlawed the German National Socialist Workers' Party (''Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpatei'', DNSAP). In April 1935, the party was renamed ''Sudetendeutsche Partei'' following a mandatory demand of the Czechoslovak government.
With the rising power of Nazi Party in Germany, the Sudeten German Party became a major pro-Nazi force in Czechoslovakia with explicit official aim of breaking the country up and joining it to the Third Reich. By June 1938, the party had over 1,3 million members, i.e. 40,6% of ethnic-German citizens of Czechoslovakia. During last free democratic elections before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the May 1938 communal elections, the party gained 88% of ethnic-German votes, taking over control of most municipal authorities in the Czech borderland. The country's mass membership made it one of the largest fascist parties in Europe at the time.
==History==
In 1903, a group of Sudeten Germans living in the Bohemian crown lands of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy created the German Workers' Party (DAP). Influenced by the ideas of Pan-Germanism and Anti-Slavism, they opposed the Czech National Revival movement advocated by the Young Czech Party. The history of this party is centered on the cities of Eger (German for present-day Cheb) and Aussig (Ústí nad Labem), it originated and gave the impetus for Austrian National Socialism.
At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up into several nation states. The DAP was renamed German National Socialist Workers' Party on 5 May 1918 and after the proclamation of Czechoslovakia claimed the right of self-determination in the predominantly German-settled ''Sudetenland'' and ''German Bohemian'' territories, demanding affiliation with the newly established Republic of German-Austria. However, the new Czech-dominated government demanded the unity of the Bohemian (or now called Czech) lands, as confirmed by the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and considered the Pan-German party offensive and dangerous for the existence of the country. The Czechoslovakian DNSAP led by Hans Knirsch together with the conservative German National Party (''Deutsche Nationalpartei'', DNP) became the main proponent of so-called "negativism", the general tendency among the Sudeten Germans not to accept the legitimation of the Czechoslovakian state. Under Knirsch's successor Rudolf Jung the party increasingly influenced by the rise of the Nazi Party in the German Weimar Republic. In 1933 both the DNSAP and DNP decided to dissolve in order to prevent the imminent ban by the Prague government.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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